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| EL4095C EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Features Full function video fader 0 02% 0 02 differential gain phase 100% gain 25 ns multiplexer included Output amplifier included Calibrated linear gain control g5V to g15V operation 60 MHz bandwidth Low thermal errors General Description The EL4095C is a versatile variable-gain building block At its core is a fader which can variably blend two inputs together and an output amplifier that can drive heavy loads Each input appears as the input of a current-feedback amplifier and with external resistors can separately provide any gain desired The output is defined as VOUT e A VINA (0 5V a VGAIN) a B VINB (0 5V-VGAIN) where A and B are the fed-back gains of each channel Additionally two logic inputs are provided which each override the analog VGAIN control and force 100% gain for one input and 0% for the other The logic inputs switch in only 25 ns and provide high attenuation to the off channel while generating very small glitches Signal bandwidth is 60 MHz and gain-control bandwidth 20 MHz The gain control recovers from overdrive in only 70 ns The EL4095C operates from g5V to g15V power supplies and is available in both 14-pin DIP and narrow surface mount packages Applications Video faders wipers Gain control Graphics overlay Video text insertion Level adjust Modulation Ordering Information Part No Temp Range Package Outline EL4095CN b 40 C to a 85 C 14 Pin P-DIP MDP0031 EL4095CS b 40 C to a 85 C SO-14 MDP0027 Connection Diagram 14-Pin DIP SO August 1996 Rev D 4095 - 1 Top View Manufactured under U S Patent No 5 321 371 5 374 898 Note All information contained in this data sheet has been carefully checked and is believed to be accurate as of the date of publication however this data sheet cannot be a ``controlled document'' Current revisions if any to these specifications are maintained at the factory and are available upon your request We recommend checking the revision level before finalization of your design documentation 1992 Elantec Inc EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Absolute Maximum Ratings (TA e 25 C) VS a VS a VINA a VINB IIN VGAIN VGAIN TD is 0 7in TD is 4 0in Supply Voltage Voltage between VS a and VSb Input Voltage Current Into bVINA bVINB Input Voltage Input Voltage a 18V a 33V (VSb) b0 3V to (VS a ) a 0 3V b 1V to a 6V VFORCE Input Voltage g35 mA IOUT Output Current b 40 C to a 85 C TA Operating Temperature Range TJ Operating Junction Temperature 0 C to a 150 C b 65 C to a 150 C TST Storage Temperature Range Internal Power Dissipation See Curves 5 mA VGAIN g5V VSb to VS a Important Note All parameters having Min Max specifications are guaranteed The Test Level column indicates the specific device testing actually performed during production and Quality inspection Elantec performs most electrical tests using modern high-speed automatic test equipment specifically the LTX77 Series system Unless otherwise noted all tests are pulsed tests therefore TJ e TC e TA Test Level I II III IV V Test Procedure 100% production tested and QA sample tested per QA test plan QCX0002 100% production tested at TA e 25 C and QA sample tested at TA e 25 C TMAX and TMIN per QA test plan QCX0002 QA sample tested per QA test plan QCX0002 Parameter is guaranteed (but not tested) by Design and Characterization Data Parameter is typical value at TA e 25 C for information purposes only Open Loop DC Electrical Characteristics VS e g15V TA e 25 C VGAIN ground unless otherwise specified Parameter VOS IB a IBb CMRR b CMRR Description Min Input Offset Voltage a VIN Input Bias Current b VIN Input Bias Current Limits Typ 15 5 10 65 80 05 65 95 02 02 04 80 (Vb) a 3 5 (Vb) a 2 80 125 (V a ) b3 5 (V a ) b2 160 20 08 b 50 b 440 b 650 Max 5 10 50 Test Level I I I I Units mV mA mA dB mA V dB mA V MX X V V mA V V mA mA Common Mode Rejection b VIN Input Bias Current Common Mode Rejection PSRR b IPSR 15 I I Power Supply Rejection Ratio b VIN Input Current Power Supply Rejection Ratio ROL RINb VIN VO ISC VIH VIL IFORCE High IFORCE Low Transimpedance b VIN Input Resistance a VIN Range 2 I I V I I I I I I I Output Voltage Swing Output Short-Circuit Current Input High Threshold at Force A or Force B Inputs Input Low Threshold at Force A or Force B Inputs Input Current of Force A or Force B VFORCE e 5V Input Current of Force A or Force B VFORCE e 0V 2 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Open Loop DC Electrical Characteristics VS e g15V TA e 25 C unless otherwise specified Parameter Feedthrough Forced VGAIN 100% VGAIN 0% NL Gain RIN VG NL AV e 1 AV e 0 5 AV e 0 25 IS Description Min Feedthrough of Deselected Input to Output Deselected Input at 100% Gain Control Minimum Voltage at VGAIN for 100% Gain Maximum Voltage at VGAIN for 0% Gain Gain Control Non-linearity VIN e g0 5V Impedance between VGAIN and VGAIN Signal Non-linearity VIN e g1V VGAIN e 0 55V Signal Non-linearity VIN e g1V VGAIN e 0V Signal Non-linearity VIN e g1V VGAIN e b0 25V Supply Current 45 60 0 45 b 0 55 Contd Limits Typ 75 05 b0 5 Max Test Level I Units dB V V % kX TD is 2 4in TD is 3 8in % % % mA 0 55 b 0 45 I I I I V V I I 2 55 k 0 01 4 65 0 03 0 07 17 04 21 Closed Loop AC Electrical Characteristics VS e g15V AV e a 1 RF e RIN e 1 kX RL e 500X CL e 15 pF CINb e 2 pF TA e 25 C AV e 100% unless otherwise noted Parameter SR BW Description Min Slew Rate VOUT from b3V to a 3V Measured at b2V and a 2V Bandwidth b 3 dB b 1 dB b 0 1 dB Limits Typ 330 60 30 6 Max Test Level V Units V ms MHz MHz MHz V dG Differential Gain AC Amplitude of 286 mVp-p at 3 58 MHz on DC Offset of b0 7V 0V and a 0 7V AV e 100% AV e 50% AV e 25% Differential Phase AC Amplitude of 286 mVp-p at 3 58 MHz on DC Offset of b0 7V 0V and a 0 7V AV e 100% AV e 50% AV e 25% Settling Time to 0 2% VOUT from b2V to a 2V AV e 100% AV e 25% Propagation Delay from VFORCE e 1 4V to 50% Output Signal Enabled or Disabled Amplitude b 3 dB Gain Control Bandwidth VGAIN Amplitude 0 5 VP-P 0 02 0 07 0 07 V % % % di 0 02 0 05 0 15 100 100 25 20 70 V TS V ns ns ns MHz ns TFORCE BW Gain TREC Gain V V V Gain Control Recovery from Overload VGAIN from b0 7V to 0V 3 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Typical Performance Curves Large-Signal Pulse Response Gain e a 1 Large-Signal Pulse Response Gain e b 1 4095 - 6 4095 - 7 Small-Signal Pulse Response for Various Gains Frequency Response for Different Gains-AV e a 1 4095 - 8 4095 - 9 Frequency Response with Different Values of RF b Gain e a 1 Frequency Response with Different Values of RF b Gain e b 1 4095 - 10 4095 - 11 4 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Typical Performance Curves Contd Frequency Response with Different Gains Frequency Response with Various Load Capacitances and Resistances Frequency Response with Various Values of Parasitic CIN b Input Noise Voltage and Current vs Frequency Change in Bandwidth and Slewrate with Supply Voltage b Gain e a 1 Change in Bandwidth and Slewrate with Supply Voltage b Gain e b 1 4095 - 12 5 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Typical Performance Curves Change in Bandwidth and Slewrate with Temperature b Gain e a 1 Contd Change in Bandwidth and Slewrate with Temperature b Gain e b 1 DC Nonlinearity vs Input Voltage b Gain e a 1 Change in VOS and IB- vs die Temperature Differential Gain and Phase Errors vs Gain Control Setting b Gain e a 1 Differential Gain and Phase Errors vs Gain Control Setting b Gain e b 1 4095 - 13 6 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Typical Performance Curves Differential Phase Error vs DC Offset b Gain e a 1 Contd Differential Phase Error vs DC Offset b Gain e a 1 Differential Phase Error vs DC Offset b Gain e b 1 Differential Phase Error vs DC Offset b Gain e b 1 Attenuation over Frequency b Gain e a 1 Attenuation over Frequency b Gain e b 1 4095 - 14 7 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Typical Performance Curves Gain vs VG (1 VDC at VINA) Contd Gain Control Gain vs Frequency 4095 - 15 4095 - 16 Gain Control Response to a Non-Overloading Step Constant Sinewave at VINA VGAIN Overload Recovery Delay 4095 - 18 4095 - 17 VGAIN Overload Recovery Response No AC Input Cross-Fade Balance b 0V on AIN and BIN Gain e a 1 4095 - 19 4095 - 20 8 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Typical Performance Curves Change in V100% and V0% of Gain Control vs Supply Voltage Contd Change in V100% and V0% of Gain Control vs VGAIN Offset Change in V100% and V0% of Gain Control vs Die Temperature 4095 - 21 Force Response Force-Induced Output Transient 4095 - 22 4095 - 23 Supply Current vs Supply Voltage Package Power Dissipation vs Ambient Temperature 4095 - 24 4095 - 25 9 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Test Circuit AV e a 1 4095 - 26 10 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Applications Information The EL4095 is a general-purpose two-channel fader whose input channels each act as a currentfeedback amplifier (CFA) input Each input can have its own gain factor as established by external resistors For instance the Test Circuit shows two channels each arranged as a 1 gain with the traditional single feedback resistor RF connected from VOUT to the b VIN of each channel The EL4095 can be connected as an inverting amplifier in the same manner as any CFA Frequency Response Like other CFA's there is a recommended feedback resistor which for this circuit is 1 KX The value of RF sets the closed-loop b 3 dB bandwidth and has only a small range of practical variation The user should consult the typical performance curves to find the optional value of RF for a given circuit gain In general the bandwidth will decrease slightly as closed-loop gain is increased RF can be reduced to make up for bandwidth loss Too small a value of RF will cause frequency response peaking and ringing during transients On the other hand increasing RF will reduce bandwidth but improve stability EL4095C In Inverting Connection 4095 - 27 11 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Contd Stray capacitance at each b VIN terminal should absolutely be minimized especially in a positivegain mode or peaking will occur Similarly the load capacitance should be minimized If more than 25 pF of load capacitance must be driven a load resistor from 100X to 400X can be added in parallel with the output to reduce peaking but some bandwidth degradation may occur A ``snubber'' load can alternatively be used This is a resistor in series with a capacitor to ground 150X and 100 pF being typical values The advantage of a snubber is that it does not draw DC load current A small series resistor low tens of ohms can also be used to isolate reactive loads Applications Information If maximum bandwidth is not required distortion can be reduced greatly (and signal voltage range enlarged) by increasing the value of RF and any associated gain-setting resistor 100% Accuracies When a channel gain is set to 100% static and gain errors are similar to those of a simple CFA The DC output error is expressed by VOUT Offset e VOS AV a (IB b ) RF The gain IB b ally input offset voltage scales with fed-back but the bias current into the negative input adds an error not dependent on gain GenerIB b dominates up to gains of about seven Distortion The signal voltage range of the a VIN terminals is within 3 5V of either supply rail One must also consider the range of error currents that will be handled by the b VIN terminals Since the b VIN of a CFA is the output of a buffer which replicates the voltage at a VIN error currents will flow into the b VIN terminal When an input channel has 100% gain assigned to it only a small error current flows into its negative input when low gain is assigned to the channel the output does not respond to the channel's signal and large error currents flow Here are a few idealized examples based on a gain of a 1 for channels A and B and RF e 1 kX for different gain settings Gain 100% 75% 50% 25% 0% VINA 1V 1V 1V 1V 1V VINB 0 0 0 0 0 I (bVINA) 0 b 250 mA b 500 mA b 750 mA b 1 mA I (bVINB) 1 mA 750 mA 500 mA 250 mA 0 VOUT 1V 0 75V 0 5V 0 25V 0V The fractional gain error is given by EGAIN e (RF a AV RIN b ) RF a AV RIN) ROL The gain error is about 0 3% for a gain of one and increases only slowly for increasing gain RIN b is the input impedance of the input stage buffer and ROL is the transimpedance of the amplifier 80 kX and 350 kX respectively Gain Control Inputs The gain control inputs are differential and may be biased at any voltage as long as VGAIN is less than 2 5V below V a and 3V above V b The differential input impedance is 5 5 kX and a common-mode impedance is more than 500 kX With zero differential voltage on the gain inputs both signal inputs have a 50% gain factor Nominal calibration sets the 100% gain of VINA input at a 0 5V of gain control voltage and 0% at b 0 5V of gain control VINB's gain is complementary to that of VINA a 0 5V of gain control sets 0% gain at VINB and b 0 5V gain control sets 100% VINB gain The gain control does not have a completely abrupt transition at the 0% and 100% points There is about 10 mV of ``soft'' transfer at the gain endpoints To obtain the most accurate 100% gain factor or best attenuation of 0% gain it is necessary to overdrive the gain control input by about 30 mV This would set the gain control voltage range as b 0 565 mV to a 0 565V or 30 mV beyond the maximum guaranteed 0% to 100% range 12 Thus either b VIN can receive up to 1 mA error current for 1V of input signal and 1 kX feedback resistors The maximum error current is 3 mA for the EL4095 but 2 mA is more realistic The major contributor of distortion is the magnitude of error currents even more important than loading effects The performance curves show distortion versus input amplitude for different gains EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Applications Information Contd In fact the gain control internal circuitry is very complex Here is a representation of the terminals Representation of Gain Control Inputs VG and VG Force Inputs The Force inputs completely override the VGAIN setting and establish maximum attainable 0% and 100% gains for the two input channels They are activated by a TTL logic low on either of the FORCE pins and perform the analog switching very quickly and cleanly FORCEA causes 100% gain on the A channel and 0% on the B channel FORCEB does the reverse but there is no defined output state when FORCEA and FORCEB are simultaneously asserted The Force inputs do not incur recovery time penalties and make ideal multiplexing controls A typical use would be text overlay where the A channel is a video input and the B channel is digitally created text data The FORCEA input is set low normally to pass the video signal but released to display overlay data The gain control can be used to set the intensity of the digital overlay 4095 - 28 For gain control inputs between g0 5V (g90 mA) the diode bridge is a low impedance and all of the current into VG flows back out through VG When gain control inputs exceed this amount the bridge becomes a high impedance as some of the diodes shut off and the VG impedance rises sharply from the nominal 5 5 KX to over 500 KX This is the condition of gain control overdrive The actual circuit produces a much sharper overdrive characteristics than does the simple diode bridge of this representation The gain input has a 20 MHz b 3 dB bandwidth and 17 ns risetime for inputs to g0 45V When the gain control voltage exceeds the 0% or 100% values a 70 ns overdrive recovery transient will occur when it is brought back to linear range If quicker gain overdrive response is required the Force control inputs of the EL4095 can be used Other Applications Circuits The EL4095 can also be used as a variable-gain single input amplifier If a 0% lower gain extreme is required one channel's input should simply be grounded Feedback resistors must be connected to both b VIN terminals the EL4095 will not give the expected gain range when a channel is left unconnected This circuit gives a 0 5 to a 2 0 gain range and is useful as a signal leveller where a constant output level is regulated from a range of input amplitudes 13 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Application Information Contd Leveling Circuit with 0 5 s AV s 2 4095 - 29 Here the A input channel is configured for a gain of a 2 and the B channel for a gain of a 1 with its input attenuated by The connection is virtuous because the distortions do not increase monotonically with reducing gain as would the simple single-input connecton For video levels however these constants can give fairly high differential gain error The problem occurs for large inputs Assume that a ``twice-size'' video input occurs The A-side stage sees the full amplitude but the gain would be set to 100% B-input gain to yield an overall gain of 14 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Application Information Contd to produce a standard video output The b VIN of the A side is a buffer output that reproduces the input signal and drives RGA and RFA Into the two resistors 2 1 mA of error current flows for a typical 1 4V of input DC offset creating distortion in a A-side input stage RGA and RFA could be increased together in value to reduce the error current and distortions but increasing RFA would lower bandwidth A solution would be to simply attenuate the input signal magnitude and restore the EL4095 output level to standard level with another amplifier so Reduced-Gain Leveler for Video Inputs and Differential Gain and Phase Performance (see text) 4095 - 30 4095 - 31 15 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Application Information Contd Although another amplifier is needed to gain the output back to standard level the reduced error currents bring the differential phase error to less than 0 1 over the entire input range than the unrestored possible span of g0 7V (for standard-sized signals) For the preceding leveler circuit the black level should be set more toward b 0 7V to accommodate the largest input or made to vary with the gain control itself (large gain small offset small gain larger offset) The EL4095 can be wired as a four quadrant multiplier A useful technique to reduce video distortion is to DC-restore the video level going into the EL4095 and offsetting black level to b 0 35V so that the entire video span encompasses g0 35V rather EL4095 Connected as a Four-Quadrant Multiplier 4095 - 32 16 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Contd The A channel gains the input by a 1 and the B channel by b 1 Feedthrough suppression of the Y input can be optimized by introducing an offset between channel A and B This is easily done by injecting an adjustable current into the summing junction ( b VIN terminal) of the B input channel Application Information The two input channels can be connected to a common input through two dissimilar filters to create a DC-controlled variable filter This circuit provides a controlled range of peaking through rolloff characteristics Variable Peaking Filter 4095 - 33 4095 - 34 17 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer Applications Information Contd The EL4095 is connected as a unity-gain fader with an LRC peaking network connected to the A-input and an RC rolloff network connected to the B-input The plot shows the range of peaking controlled by the VGAIN input This circuit would be useful for flattening the frequency response of a system or for providing equalization ahead of a lossy transmission line package has a thermal resistance of 65 C W and can thus dissipate 1 15W at a 75 C ambient temperature The device draws 20 mA maximum supply current only 600 mW at g15V supplies and the circuit has no dissipation problems in this package The SO-14 surface-mount package has a 105 C W thermal resistance with the EL4095 and only 714 mW can be dissipated at 75 C ambient temperature The EL4095 thus can be operated with g15V supplies at 75 C but additional dissipation caused by heavy loads must be considered If this is a problem the supplies should be reduced to g5V to g12V levels The output will survive momentary short-circuits to ground but the large available current will overheat the die and also potentially destroy the circuit's metal traces The EL4095 is reliable within its maximum average output currents and operating temperatures Noise The electrical noise of the EL4095 has two components the voltage noise in series with a VIN is 5 nV 0Hz wideband and there is a current noise injected into b VIN of 35 pA0Hz The output noise will be Vn out e 0 (AV Vn input)2 a (In input RF)2 and the input-referred noise is Vn input-referred e 0 (Vn input)2 a (In input RF AV)2 where AV is the fed-back gain of the EL4095 Here is a plot of input-referred noise vs AV Input-Referred Noise vs Closed-Loop Gain EL4095C Macromodel This macromodel is offered to allow simulation of general EL4095 behavior We have included these characteristics Small-signal frequency response Output loading effects Input impedance Off-channel feedthrough Output impedance over frequency b VIN characteristics and Signal path DC distoritons VGAIN I-V characteristics VGAIN overdrive recovery delay 100% gain error FORCE operation sensitivity to parasitic capacitance 4095 - 35 Thus for a gain of three or more the fader has a noise as good as an op-amp The only trade-off is that the dynamic range of the input is reduced by the gain due to the nonlinearity caused by gained-up output signals These will give a good range of results of various operating conditions but the macromodel does not behave identically as the circuit in these areas Temperature effects Signal overload effects Signal and VG operating range Current-limit Video and high-frequency distortions Glitch and delay from FORCE inputs Manufacturing tolerances Supply voltage effects Slewrate limitations Noise Power supply interactions Power Dissipation Peak die temperature must not exceed 150 C This allows 75 C internal temperature rise for a 75 C ambient The EL4095 in the 14-pin PDIP 18 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer EL4095C Macromodel Contd 4095 - 36 19 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer EL4095C Macromodel Contd 4095 - 37 20 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer EL4095C Macromodel Contd The EL4095 Macromodel Schematic 4095 - 38 21 EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer EL4095C Macromodel Contd 4095 - 39 22 BLANK 23 EL4095C EL4095C Video Gain Control Fader Multiplexer General Disclaimer Specifications contained in this data sheet are in effect as of the publication date shown Elantec Inc reserves the right to make changes in the circuitry or specifications contained herein at any time without notice Elantec Inc assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuits described herein and makes no representations that they are free from patent infringement WARNING Life Support Policy August 1996 Rev D Elantec Inc 1996 Tarob Court Milpitas CA 95035 Telephone (408) 945-1323 (800) 333-6314 Fax (408) 945-9305 European Office 44-71-482-4596 24 Elantec Inc products are not authorized for and should not be used within Life Support Systems without the specific written consent of Elantec Inc Life Support systems are equipment intended to support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions provided can be reasonably expected to result in significant personal injury or death Users contemplating application of Elantec Inc products in Life Support Systems are requested to contact Elantec Inc factory headquarters to establish suitable terms conditions for these applications Elantec Inc 's warranty is limited to replacement of defective components and does not cover injury to persons or property or other consequential damages Printed in U S A |
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